Upper Cervical Spine Anatomy
The cervical spine is the most superior portion of the vertebral column, lying between the cranium and the thoracic vertebrae. It consists of seven vertebrae, two of which are given
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is the slippage of one vertebral body with respect to the adjacent vertebral body causing mechanical or radicular symptoms or pain. It can be due to congenital, acquired, or
Lumbar Scoliosis
“Scoliosis” -Greek word meaning “crooked”. It is a lateral curvature of the spine in upright position. The Scoliosis Research Society has defined scoliosis as a lateral curvature of the spine
Dry Needling
Dry needling is a procedure where filiform needles are tapped through the skin to the target tissue to bring about a therapeutic effect. No medicine is delivered, thus it is
Axial Neck Pain
Axial neck pain—also called uncomplicated neck pain, whiplash, neck strain, or cervical strain—refers to pain along the posterior (back of the) neck. By definition, axial neck pain is pain that
TRIGGER POINTS
Trigger points (TrP) are hyperirritable spots, palpable nodules in the taut bands of the skeletal muscle fascia. Direct compression or muscle contraction can elicit a jump sign, local tenderness, and
Bertolotti Syndrome (Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae)
Bertolotti syndrome, named after the Italian physician Mario Bertolotti who first described it in 1917, arises from a congenital anomaly known as lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV). This condition, often overlooked, can lead to
Coccydynia or Tail bone pain (Causes & Physical Therapy Management)
Coccygodynia, also known as coccydynia or coccalgia, refers to the experience of pain localized in the coccyx region. Typically, this pain is exacerbated when sitting or transitioning from sitting to
Quadratus Lumborum Syndrome
The Quadratus Lumborum Syndrome is the deepest muscle of the lumbar region, extending from the pelvis to the last rib. It contracts during activities like sitting, walking, and standing, making
