The increasing use of smartphones and computers has led to poor posture habits among frequent users. Forward Head Posture (FHP) is a common issue associated with poor neck alignment, often occurring alongside Upper Crossed Syndrome. This condition is characterized by an…

The cervical spine is the most superior portion of the vertebral column, lying between the cranium and the thoracic vertebrae. It consists of seven vertebrae, two of which are given unique names: The first cervical vertebrae (C1) is known as…

Spondylolisthesis is the slippage of one vertebral body with respect to the adjacent vertebral body causing mechanical or radicular symptoms or pain. It can be due to congenital, acquired, or idiopathic causes. Spondylolisthesis is graded based on the degree of…

“Scoliosis” -Greek word meaning “crooked”. It is a lateral curvature of the spine in upright position. The Scoliosis Research Society has defined scoliosis as a lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10 degree as measured using the Cobbs method…

The Quadratus Lumborum Syndrome is the deepest muscle of the lumbar region, extending from the pelvis to the last rib. It contracts during activities like sitting, walking, and standing, making it susceptible to pain. Pain is often caused by overuse…

Maigne’s syndrome is a low back disorder that affects the area of the spine that connects the lumbar and thoracic regions (the thoracolumbar junction). Named after the French doctor, Robert Maigne, who first identified the disorder. The condition is also…

The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale describes a person’s functional impairment as a result of a SCI. This scale indicates how much sensation a person feels after light touch and a pinprick at multiple points on the body…